The causes of sciatica are multifactorial. They include:

• Herniated or degenerated disc: Underlying medical conditions, such as a herniated or degenerated disc, or nerve root compression in the lumbar spine may cause radiating symptoms into the leg, commonly known as sciatica.
• Lumbar spinal stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back.
• Spondylolisthesis: This condition occurs when one vertebra slips forward over the one below it.
• Piriformis syndrome: This condition occurs when the piriformis muscle, located in the buttock region, spasms and causes sciatic nerve irritation.
• Pregnancy: Pregnancy can also cause sciatica due to additional pressure on the sciatic nerve from the developing baby.

Treatment for sciatica aims to control pain, minimize joint damage, and improve or maintain function and quality of life. The treatment plan will depend on the cause of your sciatica. It often involves:

• Rest: Resting can help to reduce inflammation and speed up recovery. However, it's important not to rest too much as this can lead to stiffness and weakness.
• Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications can help to reduce pain and swelling. In some cases, prescription medications may be necessary.
• Physical therapy: A physical therapist can teach you exercises to help improve flexibility and strength, and to reduce pain.
• Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damage to the spine.

Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in managing sciatica. It includes exercises to improve strength and flexibility. These can help to reduce pain and improve joint function. Specific exercises can include strengthening of the pelvic floor muscles, stretching and mobility exercises, and core stabilisation exercises.