Thumb pain can have several different causes. The symptoms can range from mild discomfort to severe pain that can limit your ability to move. The most common symptoms include:

Pain: This is often the first symptom of thumb pain. The pain may be constant or it may come and go, and it is usually worse with activity.
Swelling: This is caused by inflammation in the joint. It can make the joint feel warm to the touch and can restrict the joint's range of motion.
Stiffness: People with thumb issues often find that their joints are stiff, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.
Decreased range of motion: Over time, the inflammation and damage caused by thumb issues can make it difficult to move the affected joints.

The causes of thumb pain are multifactorial. They include:

Overuse of the thumb: Just like any other joint, the thumb can be overused or overextended. When your thumb is overused, it can feel sore and painful at the joint. A joint that is overused may feel warm and tingling, in addition to being painful.
Injury or sprain: Thumb sprains, a jammed thumb, and “skier’s thumb” are all caused by damage to the ligaments in your thumb. These injuries, commonly caused during contact sports or falls, can cause pain at the site of your joint. A sprained thumb could also result in swelling and stiffness.
Arthritis: The cushion-like cartilage inside your thumb joint can break down as you age, causing the symptoms of thumb arthritis. Other symptoms include loss of grip strength and thumb mobility. Thumb arthritis can be related to osteoarthritis (which affects the joint and the bone) or rheumatoid arthritis (an auto-immune condition).
Carpal tunnel syndrome: Pain at your thumb joint can be a symptom of carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome pain can feel like weakness, numbness, tingling, or burning at your wrist, in your fingers, or in the joints of your hands.

Treatment for thumb pain aims to control pain, minimize joint damage, and improve or maintain function and quality of life. The treatment plan will depend on the cause of your thumb pain. It often involves:

Rest: Resting your thumb can help to reduce inflammation and speed up recovery. However, it's important not to rest too much as this can lead to stiffness and weakness.
Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications can help to reduce pain and swelling. In some cases, prescription medications may be necessary.
Physical therapy: A physical therapist can teach you exercises to help improve flexibility and strength, and to reduce pain.
Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair damage to the thumb.

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Thumb Pain