Vertigo is a sensation of feeling off balance. If you have these dizzy spells, you might feel like you are spinning or that the world around you is spinning. Symptoms of Vertigo often include:

Spinning: One of the most common symptoms of vertigo is dizziness, which usually worsens with head movement.
Tilting: You might feel as if you're being pulled in one direction.
Swaying: You might feel as if you're swaying even when you're standing still.
Unbalanced: You might feel as if you're about to fall.
Nausea and vomiting: These symptoms often accompany vertigo.
Abnormal or jerking eye movements (nystagmus): This can occur during a vertigo episode.
Headache: Some people may experience headaches along with vertigo.
Sweating: Excessive sweating can occur during a vertigo episode.
Ringing in the ears or hearing loss: These symptoms can accompany vertigo in some cases.

The causes of Vertigo are multifactorial. They include:

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV): BPPV occurs when tiny calcium particles are dislodged from their normal location and collect in the inner ear.
Meniere's disease: This is an inner ear disorder thought to be caused by a buildup of fluid and changing pressure in the ear.
Vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis: This is an inner ear problem usually related to infection (usually viral).
Migraine headaches: Some people may experience vertigo symptoms during a migraine.
Certain medications: Some drugs can also cause vertigo.

Treatment for vertigo depends on what's causing it. In many cases, vertigo goes away without any treatment. This is because your brain is able to adapt, at least in part, to the inner ear changes, relying on other mechanisms to maintain balance.

Physical therapy: Vestibular rehabilitation is a type of physical therapy aimed at helping strengthen the vestibular system. The function of the vestibular system is to send signals to the brain about head and body movements relative to gravity.
Medications: In some cases, medication may be given to relieve symptoms such as nausea or motion sickness associated with vertigo. If vertigo is caused by an inflammation or infection, steroids or antibiotics may reduce swelling and cure infection.
Surgery: In a few cases, surgery may be needed for vertigo. If vertigo is caused by a more serious underlying problem, such as a tumor or injury to the brain or neck, treatment for those problems may help to alleviate the vertigo.

Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in managing vertigo. It includes exercises to improve balance and reduce dizziness. These can help to reduce symptoms and improve quality of life. Specific exercises can include gaze stabilization exercises, habituation exercises, and balance training exercises.

Physiotherapy is often recommended to help patients maintain balance and reduce dizziness through exercises designed to strengthen the vestibular system. The physiotherapist may give you advice on posture, movement, exercises and stretches. They may also use manual therapy and taping to treat the local problem.

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Vertigo